Juan Monroy — Media Technologies: Class 14, Digital Media and the Internet

1 Bit
- 1.1 binary digit
- 1.2 fundamental building block of computing
- 1.3 expressed…
  - 1
  - 0
- 1.4 logical values
  - yes/no
  - true/false
  - +/-
  - on/off
2 Byte
- 2.1 basic unit of digital information
  - usually eight bits
- 2.2 basic meaningful computer unit
  - a letter of text
3 Storage
- 3.1 Paper Storage
  - punch cards
  - eat hole represented one bits
- 3.2 Magnetic Storage
  - magnetic tape
  - magnetic disks
- 3.3 Optical Storage
  - magento-optical drives
  - CD and DVD
4 Diodes
- vacuum tubes
- Thomas Edison 1883
- John Fleming 1904
- Lee deForest 1912
- 4.5 ENIAC
  - electronic numerical integrator and calculator
  - processed calculations for the hydrogen bomb
5 Transistors
- 5.1 Texas Instruments 1947
- 5.2 Minicomputers
  - cabinet sized computers
6 Microprocessors
- Intel 1971
- silicon switches
- microcomputers
7 Altair 8800
- 7.1 microcomputer, 1975
- 7.2 mail order
- 7.3 Altair BASIC
  - written by Bill Gates
  - Microsoft’s first product
- 7.4 specs
  - Intel 8080 processor
  - 256 bytes
  - front panel with lights
  - $400 kit. assembled for $500.
8 Alto
- 8.1 Xerox PAC
- 8.2 first personal computer
- 8.3 1973
- 8.4 desktop metaphor
  - mouse
  - GUI
  - files
  - folders
  - desktop
- 8.5 Ethernet
  - high-speed LAN
  - Bob Metcalfe
9 Apple Computer
- 9.1 Apple II
  - personal computer, 1977
  - Steve Jobs and Wozniak
- 9.2 Macintosh
  - 1984
  - graphic user interface
  - Hypercard
    - linking on keywords or icons
10 International Business Machines
- 10.1 IBM PC
- 10.2 IBM PC, Jr.
11 Computer networking
- 11.1 Local Area Network
  - network of computers in a given location
  - Livermore National Lab
- 11.2 Wide Area Network
  - network of computers across a different locations
  - SAGE
- 11.3 we still use LANs and WANs today
12 ARPANET
- 12.1 Advanced Research Projects Agency
  - branch of Defense department
  - started in 1958 in response to Sputnik launching
  - cooperated with research universities
  - headed by J.C.R. Licklider
- 12.2 distributed network
  - computer network
  - decentralized
  - designed to survive nuclear attack
- 12.3 first connection
  - between UCLA and Stanford
  - November 1969
  - message: “login”
  - resulted in both computers crashing
- 12.4 first public demonstration in 1972
  - email communication
  - internetting: a network of networks
- 12.5 standardized protocols
  - packet switching
  - email
  - Ethernet
  - TCP/IP
13 Closed Networks
- 13.1 BITNET
  - email for university professors
- 13.2 USENET
  - discussion group system
- 13.3 NSFNet
  - National Science Foundation
  - 1986
  - merged existing networks
14 Bulletin Board Systems
- 14.1 exchange email
- 14.2 post opinions
- 14.3 upload and download information
15 Commercial Internet
- 15.1 NSF withdrew funding
- 15.2 opened network to commercial users in 1991
- 15.3 post Cold War
16 World Wide Web
- 16.1 Tim Berners-Lee
- 16.2 1991
- 16.3 hypertext markup language
- 16.4 World Wide Web
  - linked documents
  - transporting text documents across computer networks
17 Mosaic
- 17.1 Mark Anderseen
- 17.2 University of Illinois
- 17.3 first graphical world wide web browser
- 17.4 average computer user could browse the web
- 17.5 basis for Netscape (eventually Firefox)
18 Why the web succeeded?
- 18.1 cheap network access (for some)
  - modems
  - telephone network
  - local access telephone numbers
  - breakup of AT&T
- 18.2 easy to use
  - visual
  - point-and-click
  - hypertextual = rabbit hole
- 18.3 easy to produce web content
  - early web servers were sponsored (university, government, etc.)
  - free web server: Apache
  - HTML is markup, not a programming language
  - HTML is open source