1.1 approximately 14 fps

1.2 used in toys such as the zoetrope

2.1 motion studies

2.2 settle a bet with Gov. Leland Stanford

2.3 zoopraxiscope

3.1 Eastman Kodak

3.2 photography pioneer

3.3 roll film vs. metal plates (1884)

4.1 developed celluloid roll film (1889)

4.2 moved through the camera gate

4.3 photograph in rapid succession

4.4 celluloid could have light passed through for projection

5.1 Edison's assistant

5.2 Edison tried to make sound pictures but could not and lost interest

5.3 photographed through a kinetograph (motion writer)

5.4 viewed through a kinetoscope (motion viewer)

6.1 developed cinematographe

6.2 projection allowed mass viewing

7.1 Grand Café screenings in Paris on December 28, 1895

7.2 ten short films, charged 1 franc admission fee

8.1 film strips of longer films

8.2 staged at music hall in NYC in April 1896

8.3 audience marveled at realism

9.1 amusement arcades

9.2 traveling carnivals

9.3 wax museums

9.4 vaudeville theater

10.1 movies that tell stories

10.2 novelty of movement did not appeal to audiences for long

10.3 created worlds that stimulated the audience's imagination

11.1 fantasy and fairy-tale films

11.2 pioneered special effects

11.3 Vanishing Lady (1896)

11.4 Cinderella (1899)

11.5 A Trip to the Moon (1902)

12.1 worked for Edison

12.2 developed editing

12.3 Life of an American Fireman (1902)

12.4 Great Train Robbery (1903)

13.1 dedicated and makeshift movie theaters

13.2 films were one-reel in length (~10 minutes)

13.3 screening series of short films that lasted an hour

13.4 piano player and sound effects

13.5 working class entertainment, especially among newly arrived immigrants

14.1 Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company

14.2 cartel of patent holders

14.3 movies could not be made without a license from the Trust

14.4 production centered in New York and New Jersey

15.1 worked outside of the Trust

15.2 moved to warmer climates to facilitate year-round production

15.3 Adolph Zukor (Paramount) bypassed the trust by importing films

15.4 William Fox Film Company sued the Trust and eventually won

15.5 Independents eventually became Hollywood Studios and formed movie oligopoly

16.1 production

16.2 distribution

16.3 exhibition

17.1 assembly line production

17.2 specialized jobs

17.3 studio head

17.4 efficient mass production process

18.1 Zukor hired popular actors, formed Famous Players

18.2 gained advantage through exclusive contracts with actors

18.3 Mary Pickford first millionaire movie star

19.1 Film Exchanges

19.2 block booking

19.3 post–World War I global film market

20.1 Zukor began to buy movie theaters

20.2 movie palaces

21.1 Fox and Warner Brothers

21.2 invested in sound to gain marketshare

21.3 developed competing sound formats

21.4 "Talkies"

22.1 Paramount Decision

22.2 Suburbanization

22.3 Television

23.1 Hollywood studios produced programs for television

23.2 MCA Studios

23.3 Disneyland USA

24.1 Fall of the Production Code

24.2 MPAA Ratings

24.3 mature films: political, sex, violence, and complex films

25.1 Jaws (1975)

25.2 Star Wars (1977)

25.3 production and release

26.1 cable TV

26.2 Videocassettes and DVDs

27.1 Production

27.2 Competition

27.3 New Blockbusters

28.1 multichannel sound: 1950s

28.2 Dolby Surround: sound-on-film

28.3 DTS: sound-on-disk

29.1 stop-motion effects

29.2 rear projection

29.3 front projection

29.4 compositing

29.5 matting

29.6 scale modeling

30.1 computer generated imaging

30.2 "green screening"

30.3 largely applied during post-production

30.4 non-linear editing

31.1 Sony-Columbia

31.2 Fox (News Corp)

31.3 MGM

31.4 Paramount (Viacom)

31.5 Universal (Comcast)

31.6 Warner Brothers (Time Warner)

31.7 Disney

32.1 age, gender, and audience purpose

32.2 film content is more diverse because audience is diverse

32.3 genres

33.1 theatrical exhibition

33.2 home exhibition

33.3 Internet

34.1 domestic theatrical

34.2 international theatrical

34.3 pay-per-view

34.4 pay cable (HBO window)

34.5 videocassette & DVD

34.6 paid downloads

34.7 Netflix

34.8 basic cable

34.9 syndication